Psychoanalytikerinnen. Biografisches Lexikon

Women Psychoanalysts in Belgium

Geschichte

Lina Balestriere
Andrée Bauduin
Jacqueline Harpman
Luce Irigaray (France)
Thérèse Jacobs van Merlen
Camille Lechat-Ledoux
Maud Mannoni (France)

Lina Balestriere (1953-2014)

Maria Carmela "Lina" Balestriere was born on Ischia. She studied psychology at the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) in Brussels, where she received her licentiate in 1977 and graduated as a doctor in 1993. Her thesis Freud et la question des origines was published in 1998. From the beginning of the 1970s she and her husband, the psychoanalyst Roland Geeraert (1950-2012) were active in the mental health center "Chapelle-Aux-Champs". In 1977 she was a co-founder of the psychiatric service of the UCL, Service de Santé Mental "Le Chien Vert".
In the 1970s she underwent psychoanalytic training at the École Belge de Psychanalysis / Belgian School Voor Psychoanalysis (EBP-BSP). The EBP was founded in 1969 by phenomenologically and Lacanian oriented psychoanalysts who disagreed with the medically oriented Société Belge de Psychanalyse. In about 1980, Lina Balestriere became a member of the EBP, to which she served as President from 2009 to 2012.
After the Centre de Formation aux Cliniques Psychanalytiques (CFCP) was established at the UCL in 1988, Lina Balestriere was one of the first teachers and trained psychologists and psychiatrists in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. She was also a member of the Association des Psychologues Praticiens d'Orientation Psychanalytique (APPPpsy) und der Inter-associatif Européen de Psychanalyse.
Lina Balestriere represented the Freudian orientation, supplemented by ideas from Sándor Ferenczi,, Donald Winnicott and Piera Aulagnier. Her most essential contribution to psychoanalytic theory was to conceptualise in metapsychological terms the founding function of the setting referred to the maternal. According to Balestriere, the „maternal function“ understood as being regulated by the constancy principle, is associated with the experience of appeasement and provides a rhythmical continuity of tension and relaxation.
Lina Balestriere left behind her companion Salvatore Mattera and her children Vanessa and Alexis Geeraert. (Top of the article)



Andrée Bauduin (1937-2011)

The Belgian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Andrée Bauduin studied medicine at the University of Liège, graduated in 1961 and specialised in child psychiatry. In the 1960s she founded the first department of child psychiatry at the University of Liège, where she was director of studies in the following years. She was a member and president of the Société Belge de Psychiatrie de l’enfant.
After the presentation of her paper on symbolization in 1977, she became a member of the Société Belge de Psychanalyse. Working in Liège and Paris, she was also a member of the Société Psychanalytique de Paris and from 1997 to 2004 vice-director of the Revue francaise de psychanalyse.
Andrée Bauduin was particularly interested in the relationship between psychoanalysis and literature and often referred to literary works. In her study Psychanalyse de l'imposture, for instance, she analysed, among others, the work of Romain Gary / Émile Ajar (Gary's pseudonym). Bauduin defined the imposter as someone who pretends to be someone they are not. She underlined the relationship between imposture and perversion, but noted that the falsification of identity cannot be reduced to this. According to her, the imposture is characterized by a fundamental paradox: it is the fraudulent borrowed identity that provides the subject with his sense of personal identity.
Another focus of Doubuin's research was the concept of the preconscious, the subject of her paper Du préconscient, which she presented at the 46th Congress for French-speaking psychoanalysts in Liège in 1986. She regarded the preconscious as the result of the work of repression: it is that part of the ego where repression and the return of the repressed operate.
Andrée Bauduin won the 1995 Maurice Bouvet Prize for her essays L'aliénation érotique de la fille à sa mère (1994) and Le feminin comme transaction entre l'objet partiel et l'objet total (1993). (Top of the article)


Jacqueline Harpman (1929-2012)

The Belgian writer and psychoanalyst Jacqueline Harpman was born in Etterbeek (Brussels), the youngest daughter of Andries Harpman, a Jewish-Belgian businessman of Dutch origin, and Jeanne Honorez, a Belgian sales assistant. When Germany invaded Belgium in 1940, the family fled via Paris to Morocco and settled in Casablanca.
Back in Brussels in 1945, Jacqueline Harpman finished high school and began to study medicine at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) in 1947. After contracting tuberculosis in 1950, she had to interrupt her studies and spent 21 months in the university sanatorium in Eupen. After that she continued her doctorate, but did not complete it for various reasons.
In 1953 she married the Flemish film director Émile Degelin (1926-2017) and turned to writing novels over the following years. They divorced in 1962. A year later she married the Belgian architect and poet Pierre Puttemans (1933-2013), with whom she had two daughters, Marianne (*1963) and Toinon (*1965).
In 1967 Jacqueline Harpman decided to study psychology at the ULB and graduated in 1970 with a thesis on the predictive validity of the Rorschach test. From 1969 to 1976 she worked as a psychotherapist at the Fond'Roy psychiatric hospital in Uccle (Brussels). At the same time she undertook training analysis from 1971 to 1977 and became an associate member of the Société belge de psychanalyse (SBP). After presenting her paper "Le retour impossible", she was accepted as a full member of the SBP in 1987. Harpman was a proponent of the Kleinian school. She withdrew from the SBP in 2011.
The central theme of her life was the relationship between literature and psychoanalysis. In 1993 she gave a series of lectures on this subject at the Chaire de poétique of the Université catholique de Louvain. These lectures, along with other articles, have been published in the Revue belge de psychanalyse No. 51, 2011, an issue devoted to Jacqueline Harpman, and in Écriture et psychanalyse (2011). A focus of her psychoanalytic reading was Marcel Proust's Recherche du temps perdu.
Jacqueline Harpman is internationally known as the author of several award-winning novels. In 2006 she received the Grand Prix de Littérature de la Société des Gens de Lettres for her lifework. (Top of the article)


Thérèse Jacobs van Merlen (1919-2018)

Thérèse Jacobs van Merlen, psychoanalyst and physician, was born in Antwerp as the daughter of Louis Jacobs van Merlen and Marie-Henriette née Havenith. She graduated at the Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) and specialized in psychiatry. During the Second World War, she was a member of the Nationale Koninklijke Beweging and worked in a hospital of the Belgian resistance group in Antwerp.
After the end of the war, she underwent psychoanalytic training in France at the Société Psychanalytique de Paris (SPP). Her training analyst was André Berge, her supervisors were Sacha Nacht, Serge Lebovici and René Diatkine. In 1953 she returned to Belgium and joined the Association des Psychanalystes de Belgique (APB). After the death of its founders, Fernand Lechat (1959) and Maurice Dugautiez (1960), the APB was renamed to Société Belge de Psychanalyse in 1960. Thérèse Jacobs was its president from 1960 to 1962 and played an important role in the Belgian society until the 1980s. At her suggestion, a training committee was established in 1957, which was chaired by her for many years. Under her direction the training standards were raised, for example, the candidates were demanded to undergo a therapeutic analysis prior to the training analysis. She was also a member of the SPP.
In 1966 Thérèse Jacobs van Merlen married the chemist Francis van Hecke (1920-2020). She practised as a neuropsychiatrist in Woluwe-Saint-Pierre (Brussels). She died shortly before her 100th birthday in Brussels. (Top of the article)



Camille Lechat née Ledoux (1899-1985)

Camille Lechat-Ledoux, born in Ixelles/Elsene, was one of the pioneers of psychoanalysis in Belgium. She was a teacher by profession when in 1926 she married Fernand Lechat (1895-1959), an insurance agent and later a Rorschach specialist. In the 1920s Fernand and Camille Lechat, along with the electrician Maurice Dugautiez, founded in Brussels the Cercle d'études psychiques, where they practised spiritualism, hypnosis and psychoanalysis. In 1936 they travelled to Paris to begin undergoing supervised analyses under the control of John Leuba and Marie Bonaparte. Camille Lechat also received her training as a child analyst in France. They all three underwent training analysis with Ernst Paul Hoffmann, a Viennese psychoanalyst emigrated to Belgium in 1938, and became members of the Société Psychanalytique de Paris in 1939.
When Belgium was occupied by the Germans in 1940, Dugautiez and the couple Lechat continued to practise psychoanalysis privately. After the end of the war, on December 24, 1946, they founded the Association des Psychanalystes de Belgique (APB). It was the first psychoanalytic association in Belgium, with Dugautiez and the Lechats as its only training analysts during the following years. After the death of her husband, Camille Lechat temporarily took over the presidency of the APB until the founding of the Société Belge de Psychanalyse (S.B.P.) or Belgische Vereniging voor Psychoanalyse in 1960. She was vice-president of the Society in the 1960s and went on participating in the activities of the S.B.P. until the end of her life.



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